Sunday 29 December 2013

The Enormity of God's Love.


This post is written from notes taken from a sermon by Tim Keller on James 4.  I want to remember this, refer back to it and not let it be something striking between Christmas and New Year and then let it disappear as quickly as dew in the morning.

James 4:7 Submit yourselves, then, to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you. 8 Come near to God and he will come near to you. Wash your hands, you sinners, and purify your hearts, you double-minded. 9 Grieve, mourn and wail. Change your laughter to mourning and your joy to gloom. 10 Humble yourselves before the Lord, and he will lift you up.

Jesus lived these verses in our place.
1)  Jesus humbled Himself.
2)  Jesus resisted the devil and the devil fled from him.
3)  But…….when Jesus sought to draw near to God, God did not draw near to Him.  When Jesus tried to draw near to God in the Garden of Gethsemane He sensed God’s “no” to His prayer and God’s absence when He was hanging and dying on the cross.  “My God my God why have you forsaken me?”

On the cross Jesus bore that alienation from the Father (the alienation caused by our sin) so that now 
  • when you try to draw near to God imperfectly, 
  • when you try to humble yourself imperfectly, 
  • when you try to resist the devil imperfectly 
– GOD WILL DRAW NEAR TO YOU, because His love said “My life for you”, because He laid down His life for you and died in your place.

For these reasons we know:
The enormity of His love for us.

 How much has God loved us? John 17:23 is like a little explosion in my heart. 
John 17:22 I have given them the glory that you gave me, that they may be one as we are one— 23 I in them and you in me—so that they may be brought to complete unity. Then the world will know that you sent me and have loved them even as you have loved me.

As His child, the Father loves me as much as He loves Jesus. That’s the love you get when the Father looks at you in Jesus. 

Why should I be selfish if I’m loved like that?  Why should I be defensive when all charges against me have been cancelled by the Judge of the universe?  Why should I be offended when I have the love of the King of the universe? Why should I be so reluctant to forgive when I’m awash with Christ’s forgiveness now? Why should I be proud when He cares for me?
Humble yourself before the Lord and He will lift you up.


  • Let your confidence be boosted by this height of love and that He cares for the circumstances in your life.  
  • Let this confidence, faith and trust grow in you.  No more need for self-focus or self-defense, or pride, but set free to serve.


Friday 27 December 2013

Pride and Humility


Tim Keller paraphrased Jonathan Edwards on Pride and Humility as follows:

My life for you (your needs above mine)
or
My life for me (my needs above yours)

Spiritual pride and spiritual humility.
1)   Spiritual pride makes you more aware of others’ faults than you are of your own faults.  Humility makes you far more aware of your own faults than the faults of others.
2)  Pride leads you to speak of others with an air of contempt.  Humility speaks of others’ faults with grief and mercy.
3)  Pride leads you to break ties quickly with those you have criticised.  Humility means you stick with people through difficult relationships.
4)  A proud person is dogmatic and sure about every point of belief and they cannot distinguish between major and minor points of belief.  Everything the proud person believes is major. He cannot stand to be contradicted.  The humble person is flexible and is not out to merely win, but to heal.
5)  A proud person either loves to confront because he loves winning or he refuses to confront because he doesn’t like losing an argument.  A humble person confronts when necessary.
6)  A proud person is often unhappy and sorry for himself because he believes he knows what is best for him and he's convinced he deserves the good life.  Humble people say I’m alive because of the grace of  God and I don’t always know what is best for me.  A humble person does not grumble about life.

I listened to Tim Keller's sermon on James 4 and was so gripped that I started to make notes to go back to again and again. If you go to this link you will find Keller's audio sermon on the Gospel Coalition webpage.

Here is a further post from notes on Tim Keller's sermon:  "The Enormity of God's Love"

Thursday 26 December 2013

New Year's Resolutions 2014 - so far.




Once more, we’re at “that time” of the year.  Christmas is still fresh in the memory and New Year is a few days away.  Time to reflect on the year past and wishes and hopes for 2014.

I aim to “gather” some thoughts and resolutions during the last few days of the year on this blog-post. Here are the first hopes for the New Year.

Maybe one of these will spark off an added resolution for you...


1.  To stand joyfully for Jesus in a world that doesn’t like Him.
  1. When I’m in trouble in 2014, to be quick to remember that my Redeemer bought me out of the biggest trouble – ie being unreconciled to God and then take things from there.
  2. When I’m in trouble this year, to get perspective on it in the light of God’s character and His works and my ultimate salvation and future.
  3. This year, in my trouble, that I will not view my trials as random or think God is nowhere to be seen.
  4. I hope to recall on a regular basis that “my days of small things” also count and are formative.
  5. Oh I really hope I’ll have a constant vision of God’s grace and be amazed that His grace persists through fair judgments and also have a constant vision of God’s promises that He more than keeps.

Tuesday 17 December 2013

Is God's forgiveness conditional?


Part   Four

Matthew 6:14-15 “For if you forgive men their trespasses, your father who is in heaven will forgive you. But if you do not forgive men their trespasses, neither will your father forgive you your trespasses.”
  • Does God make us perfect in this life so that we never fail to forgive?
  • Does he bring us to the point immediately where our response to every personal insult or injury is never, not for a moment, resentment, anger, vengeance or self-pity?
  • Is forgiveness the quality on which the Father’s forgiveness depends?
  • Does this mean that the disciple never has moments when an unforgiving spirit has the ascendancy?
  • Does this mean that forgiveness is a way by which we earn the Father’s forgiveness?
  • Does this mean we are lost when the old unforgiving spirit raises its head again?
“Forgive us our debts as we forgive our debtors”…means:

1.   I don’t enjoy and revel in persistent, intentional unforgiveness.
2.   I don’t make a consistent practice of not forgiving.
3.   I make every effort to stop harbouring resentments and tabulate wrongs.
4.   I can dare to approach God in search of mercy and know God will hear my plea for forgiveness.
·         Forgiveness flows from a heart satisfied with the mercy of God and rejoicing in the cancellation of our own ten million dollar debt (Matthew 18:24).
·         The person who has, through mercy, been born from above cannot be the same any more. God is at work in him to will and to do his good pleasure (Philippians 2:13.

Can we have assurance of eternal life even if we have not reached the point of having fully forgiven others?

·         We are a new creation (Galatians 6:15); and the mark of our newness is not yet perfection, but a persistent inclination to forgive, a journey towards forgiveness.

·          The process of forgiveness may consist of three steps forward and two steps back.  It may be take a long time. But..... are we moving towards forgiveness?

If you would like to read more about forgiveness, please go to this link.

Monday 16 December 2013

Unforgiveness - is it worth the misery?


Part Three

"Forgive and Remember" (3) Something on unforgiveness.... Quoted from Jerry Sittser."

  • Unforgiveness is different from anger, grief or the desire for justice.
  • Unforgiveness is as ruinous as a plague.
  • The destruction of unforgiveness can occur on a large scale as we see in Northern Ireland or in the Middle East.
  •  Unforgiveness can also occur on a small scale as we observe in gang warfare, family feuds and conflict between former friends.
  •  In the name of unforgiveness, people can do terrible things.
  • Unforgiveness uses victimisation as an excuse.  Unforgiving people become obsessed with the wrong done to them.
  • The unforgiving person claims to be in the right and this may very well be so. But I wonder sometimes if being right is worth the misery it causes?
  •  Is it worth living in the bondage to unforgiveness?  Is it worth the cycle of destruction it perpetrates?
To be continued.
To view Parts 1-3, please click on this link.

Sunday 15 December 2013

Come with maximum joy and adore Christ!


Gordon and I are visiting with our dear, dear children and grandchildren in Germany at present and heartily sang these words in Braunschweig Church this morning.


Oh come let us adore Him - O lasset uns anbeten den Konig!

Herbei, o ihr GlÀubigen,
Fröhlich triumphiernd,
O kommet, o kommet nach Bethlehem!
Sehet das Kindlein,
Uns zum Heil geboren!

O lasset uns anbeten…..
Den König!

What follow is a few lines from a great blog on the Desiring God website - please see here.

Come, joyful and triumphant and let us adore our Christ. Pagan astrologers saw the star [resting over the place where the child was], they rejoiced exceedingly with great joy. They saw the child with Mary his mother, and they fell down and worshiped him….

Matthew piles up the joy language so that we don’t miss it. They didn’t just rejoice, but did so exceedingly, “with joy” — with “great joy.”

At its heart, worship is in “spirit and truth,” as Jesus says in John 4 —
·         true things about Jesus and a spirit of great joy about him
·          spiritually looking to Jesus and rejoicing exceedingly with great joy.

Falling down is the physical posture, but “worship” is what what is going on in their hearts as they see this newborn king who will reign, not only over Israel but the whole world.

Come to Christmas with no less joy than these emotionally enthused magi. Why come joyless when Christ Jesus came to seek and save lost  (Luke 19:10).


Come, let us adore Him!

Forgive and Remember

A while ago, at our Time Out Tuesday Bible Studies, a dear friend opened her heart to us  and shared her struggle to forgive her father.  As we are all still at the beginnings of our friendship with her, we don’t know much more, but, Lord willing, there may be more precious times of sharing in the future.  She’s been on my heart.
So here are notes from Sittser's book with the hope that someone, somewhere will be given a perspective that could possibly put them on the road towards forgiveness.

Part 1
"Forgive and Remember" (1) Something on unforgiveness.... Quoted from Jerry Sittser."

  • Some people suffer loss because other people commit acts of betrayal, unfaithfulness or brutality, or blunder, or plots to do evil.
  • Most victims of wrongdoing want justice to prevail after their loss and for a good reason. They know intuitively that there is a moral order in the universe. The violation of that moral order demands justice. Without it the moral order itself is undermined and people are given license to do whatever they want.
  • People who have suffered loss recoil at such an idea. Their undeserved, irreversable loss reminds them every day that wrong was done and wrong must be made right, a score evened and restitution offered.
  • Sometimes our systems of justice fail. Sometimes we may fantasise about the suffering of the one who did us harm.
  • Most unforgivers soon realise that this preoccupation poisons them.
When the very thought of forgiveness seem abhorent it is time to make sure there is not a root of bitterness springing up.
 To be continued.

I’ve also posted these few notes to facebook and two friends made very valuable comments there:
K:  What is your definition of forgiveness?
C:  to let it go, to know that god will have justice and its not up to us, to realise that we sin against him all the same?
K:  thanks Charlene. How is the relationship with you and the person you forgave would be if the person seems to keep abusing you??
C: If they kept on abusing you it would be hard, but just as Jesus said when peter asked him how many times should i forgive my brother? 70 times 7 times we should forgive our brother. It’s easier to say than to do though especially if they are not sorry and keep doing it. but i guess we have to try and understand them and that they are blind and cannot see. and keep showing them love. that will soften their hearts x

Part Two
"Forgive and Remember" (2) Something on unforgiveness.... Quoted from Jerry Sittser."
  • "Unforgiveness can lead to hatred in the heart and a desire for the wrongdoer to suffer as much hurt as the wronged is undergoing.
  • Unforgiveness is like fire that smolders in the belly, like smoke that smothers the soul. It is destructive because it is insidious. Occasionally it flares up in the form of bitter denunciation and explosions of rage.
  • Unforgiveness should not be confused with healthy responses to loss.
1)Justice and anger are legitimate emotional responses to suffering. And grief is a natural condition that follows on the heels of loss.
2) When we suffer, our soul cries out in anguish. This is the beginning of the healthy but painful process towards healing."

Part Three
"Forgive and Remember" (3) Something on unforgiveness.... Quoted from Jerry Sittser."

  • Unforgiveness is different from anger, grief or the desire for justice.
  • Unforgiveness is as ruinous as a plague.
  • The destruction of unforgiveness can occur on a large scale as we see in Northern Ireland or in the Middle East.
  •  Unforgiveness can also occur on a small scale as we observe in gang warfare, family feuds and conflict between former friends.
  •  In the name of unforgiveness, people can do terrible things.
  • Unforgiveness uses victimisation as an excuse.  Unforgiving people become obsessed with the wrong done to them.
  • The unforgiving person claims to be in the right and this may very well be so. But I wonder sometimes if being right is worth the misery it causes?
  •  Is it worth living in the bondage to unforgiveness?  Is it worth the cycle of destruction it perpetrates?

Part   Four
Is God’s forgiveness conditional?
Matthew 6:14-15 “For if you forgive men their trespasses, your father who is in heaven will forgive you. But if you do not forgive men their trespasses, neither will your father forgive you your trespasses.”
  • Does God make us perfect in this life so that we never fail to forgive?
  • Does he bring us to the point immediately where our response to every personal insult or injury is never, not for a moment, resentment, anger, vengeance or self-pity?
  • Is forgiveness the quality on which the Father’s forgiveness depends?
  • Does this mean that the disciple never has moments when an unforgiving spirit has the ascendancy?
  • Does this mean that forgiveness is a way by which we earn the Father’s forgiveness?
  • Does this mean we are lost when the old unforgiving spirit raises its head again?
“Forgive us our debts as we forgive our debtors”…means:

1.   I don’t enjoy and revel in persistent, intentional unforgiveness.
2.   I don’t make a consistent practice of not forgiving.
3.   I make every effort to stop harbouring resentments and tabulate wrongs.
4.   I can dare to approach God in search of mercy and know God will hear my plea for forgiveness.
·         Forgiveness flows from a heart satisfied with the mercy of God and rejoicing in the cancellation of our own ten million dollar debt (Matthew 18:24).
·         The person who has, through mercy, been born from above cannot be the same any more. God is at work in him to will and to do his good pleasure (Philippians 2:13.
Can we have assurance of eternal life even if we have not reached the point of having fully forgiven others?
·         We are a new creation (Galatians 6:15); and the mark of our newness is not yet perfection, but a persistent inclination to forgive, a journey towards forgiveness.
·          It may be three steps forward and two steps back.  It may be take a long time. But are we moving towards forgiveness?
Part Five
There’s been a pause in the summarising of this chapter on forgiveness by Jerry Sittser. Reason: I thought I accidentally left the book behind after a visit to a coffee shop.  But, it’s found!

These indentifications and follow-up actions may seem deceptively simple.

Sittser uses the example of a friend, Glen, who after a bitter divorce realised, he had to face at least three things in the midst of his grief:
  1. The wrongdoing against him.
  2. His own bitterness.
  3. And the need for forgiveness.
  • His bitterness made him miserable and brought unhappiness to those around him and brought guilt to him. He realised that he was pushing other people away and acted like a victim. 
  • Glen started to take inventory.  He saw what he was doing to himself and his other relationships.  He wrestled with God and finally decided to forgive.
  • But forgiveness did not come easily or quickly. He wanted to forgive but it took him time before he could actually forgive.
  1. The first step was identifying how he was wronged and name the wrongs.
  2. He also had to see how negative he had become.  Bitterness had taken root in his soul and he wanted that bitterness uprooted.
  3. With God’s help he tried to change his attitude and behaviour – and succeeded:
  4. He started to make positive comments about the one who wronged him and later even wished her well.

Unforgiveness and legit responses to suffering


Part Two
"Forgive and Remember" (2) Something on unforgiveness.... Quoted from Jerry Sittser."
  • "Unforgiveness can lead to hatred in the heart and a desire for the wrongdoer to suffer as much hurt as the wronged is undergoing.
  • Unforgiveness is like fire that smolders in the belly, like smoke that smothers the soul. It is destructive because it is insidious. Occasionally it flares up in the form of bitter denunciation and explosions of rage.
  • Unforgiveness should not be confused with healthy responses to loss.
1)Justice and anger are legitimate emotional responses to suffering. And grief is a natural condition that follows on the heels of loss.
2) When we suffer, our soul cries out in anguish. This is the beginning of the healthy but painful process towards healing."

Getting real before forgiveness

A while ago, at our Time Out Tuesday Bible Studies, a dear friend opened her heart to us  and shared her struggle to forgive her father.  As we are all still at the beginnings of our friendship with her, we don’t know much more, but, Lord willing, there may be more precious times of sharing in the future.  She’s been on my heart and since I've started reading "A Grace Disguised"  I could not stop thinking of her in relation to his chapter on forgiveness.  Thinking isn't enough - praying for our brothers and sisters and ourselves to please God in forgiving others is a glad must!

Part 1
"Forgive and Remember" (1) Something on unforgiveness.... Quoted from Jerry Sittser."
Some people suffer loss because other people commit acts of betrayal, unfaithfulness or brutality, or blunder, or plots to do evil.
Most victims of wrongdoing want justice to prevail after their loss and for a good reason. They know intuitively that there is a moral order in the universe. The violation of that moral order demands justice. Without it the moral order itself is undermined and people are given license to do whatever they want.
People who have suffered loss recoil at such an idea. Their undeserved, irreversable loss reminds them every day that wrong was done and wrong must be made right, a score evened and restitution offered.
Sometimes our systems of justice fail. Sometimes we may fantasise about the suffering of the one who did us harm.
Most unforgivers soon realise that this preoccupation poisons them.
When the very thought of forgiveness seem abhorent it is time to make sure there is not a root of bitterness springing up.
 To be continued.
I’ve also posted these few notes to facebook and two friends made very valuable comments there:
K:  What is your definition of forgiveness?
C:  to let it go, to know that god will have justice and its not up to us, to realise that we sin against him all the same?
K:  thanks Charlene. How is the relationship with you and the person you forgave would be if the person seems to keep abusing you??

C: If they kept on abusing you it would be hard, but just as Jesus said when peter asked him how many times should i forgive my brother? 70 times 7 times we should forgive our brother. It’s easier to say than to do though especially if they are not sorry and keep doing it. but i guess we have to try and understand them and that they are blind and cannot see. and keep showing them love. that will soften their hearts x
Forgive and Remember Parts 1-2 can be found at this link.

Monday 9 December 2013

Psalm 73 Does it pay to belong to God?



A few notes from Psalm 73 which I started to make on airports and flights from Edinburgh to Hannover, Germany on our journey to our treasured children and grandchildren.  These random notes, will remain that for now, while maximum time is spent with our loved ones.
Family life with young children is BUSY!  Maybe you find yourself in a similar situation and need bullet point notes as starters so you can still feed on God's Word even though occupied with necessary things.

So, here they are straight from Psalm 73, random lines that will change our perspectives if we hear and see and do.
  1. the blight of envy and the power of self-interest, sour life.
  2. the ruinous effect of impurtiy.
  3. the theme of "heart" through the Psalm.
  4. a confusion about God's goodness.
  5. the danger of judging only by what we see.
  6. the folly of thinking sin pays.
  7. the turning point of "untill" in verse 17.
  8. the light breaks through when the Psalmist turns to God Himself.
  9. this turning to God is not in speculation but as the One we worship
  10. the disillusionment of a future that makes an end to everything the godless lived for
  11. judgement is God's personal rejection, His dismissal of someone (verse 20)
  12. the judgement of "I never knew you."
  13. the judgement of expelled and finally and eternally ignored.
  14. the crowning joy is to be found being in God's presence (Verses 23 and 24) compare Psalm 49:15
  15. the assurance is seen in verse 25:  can we rest here however unpromising our situation?
  16. God is heaven's light, joy and crown.
  17. the sense of standing in God's presence has transformed his outlook on his life.
  18. death is faced with true realism
  19. my highest good is to be near God
  20. my body may fail, my heart dejected and my life burned out - yet God is the strength of my life.
  21. God is the rock and strength of my failing life.
  22. in Gethsemane the greatest spiritual warfare of all time took place.
  23. Were Satan's darts and taunts something like this:
  24. Jesus, Calvary is a black hole of futility.
  25. These people are not worth it.
  26. The death on a cross is not going to work.
  27. These temptations knocked Jesus.
  28. Jesus was troubled onto death.
  29. the Psalmist moved from radical doubt to robust faith.
  30. the prominence of the wicked through the psalmist.
  31. Is "God is enough for me" true of my heart?
  32. If I don't get better, will God still be enough for me?
  33. I don't want to be despised as a phanton by God
  34. The psalmist gets very honest with God in verse 2.
  35. The truth slipped away from Aspah and he lost sight of God's goodness.
  36. All Asaph could see was how good the arrogant were doing.
  37. Asaph became consumed with envy and thought that being God's was all in vain.
  38. In verse 17, Asaph steps into the presence of the holy and awesome God.
  39. In God's presence Asaph sees perspective.
  40. The outcome of the wicked is to be swept away by terror.
  41. In verse 23, Asaph's heart shifts back to faith and trust.
  42. I need God to be the strength of my heart.
  43. Stop thinking of them - look at Him.
  44. What is your primary preoccupation?
  45. Measure your life by eternity = not only by this life.
  46. There's a whole eternity beyond this life.
  47. This life here alone does not deliver.
  48. We can't work our way around death.
  49. Don't ignore your soul that will exist forever.
  50. Remember who holds you and who guides you.
  51. Until God is enough for us we will never have enough.
  52. God is more than enough.
  53. Psalm 73 is biographical.
  54. The world depresses the psalmist.
  55. Verse 25 - nothing compares to Christ.
  56. His feet nearly slipped - like someone on high-heels on an ice-rink.
  57. Psalm 16 - apart from you I have no good thing.
  58. It's dangerous to be far from God.
  59. Christians may conclude they are stupid to play by the rules.


Wednesday 4 December 2013

How to sow tears

We give thanks to our God for online sermons produced by our own church, and in many other places
where the living Word is preached and gospel spread, including the Gospel Coalition.  This evening
we "had Tim Keller" in our own lounge, preaching from the Psalms.  Using Psalm 39 as a picture the question was asked:
Am I going to deny, vent or pray my feelings?
And this question:  'What am I doing with my tears?"  Am I squandering them?  Am I a realist that expect tears, even if God is my life? Do I waste or invest my tears?

Do you want to find out how to sow tears?  I want to be reminded and therefore post the link to Tim Keller's sermon for near future reference.

Psalm 16 is full of fears but end on a positive note.
Psalm 17 is full of crying but ends on a positive not.
Psalm 39 ends with David asking God to turn His face away.  It is a desperate prayer!

It's a witness to God's grace that we can pray this desperate a prayer and yet, in His grace, He does not turn away from us as He did from His own Son on the cross in our place.
I can pray out of my deepest feelings and be safe with my gracious God.

Why is God so understanding?  The answer lies in the cross.  Jesus, our God came down from heaven, a man of sorrows, acquainted with grief and in Gethsemane he was sorrowful unto death.  Jesus understands tears

If I tend to weep out of self-pity, it is time to look at the Cross of Jesus.

There is much more to the theme of sowing tears, but truth is I can't keep my eyes open and will have to first sleep before revisiting .

Much better than my few notes are the actual sermon by Tim Keller and reading the actual Psalms.

This is how I desire to continue in my own personal path of grieving.

Sunday 1 December 2013

A September day in the Glencoe Mountains



Earlier in the year, Gordon and I spent a few delightful days in the Scottish Highlands.  We stayed over at Killin, not far from Glencoe which meant we could spend a whole day in and among the mountains, on footpaths, near rivers and in forests.

Here are a few pictures taken on the Glen Etive path on an atmospheric misty day.






When I'm tempted to get even.






My friend, Ali, lent me "A Grace Disguised" by Jerry Sittser. The reason why it's taking me ages to read, is that his book is so deep and true that I'm tempted to jot down all his thoughts in my notebook.  So it was that I sat on the Chapel step, waiting for another friend, once again reading and making notes. Today the theme is "forgiveness". Wow these are the best writings I've ever encountered on this ever-necessary topic. The author is not merely theorising.  He has experienced horrendous trauma and has much to forgive. Here are a very few selected lines:
  • Am I going to obsess with the wrong done to me and drive mercy from my heart? 
  • Forgiveness is giving up the right to get even - this is costly and it’s not a right that is easy to relinquish.  
  • It is not easy to forgive when my human sensibilities yell  "punish! ", "get even!", "I hope you suffer!"  
  • A desire for justice is right and human.  
  • It is possible to both forgive and strive for justice.
  • However difficult, forgiveness in the end brings freedom to the one who gives it. 
  • Am I content for God to punish the wrongdoers and let Him show mercy as He chooses to? 
  • God will judge every person with fairness, full knowledge and impartiality.  Learn to forgive, let God be God and be happy.  
  • It is not up to me to even all scores, punish all wrongs
  • The unforgiving person is tormented by a recording and replaying that never stop.  Forgiveness require that I stop the replay.  I need to get to the point where I don’t forget but neither do I obsess. 
  • Forgiveness is a process, rather than an event.  I may have to forgive many times more. 
  • Forgiveness has a beginning. 
  • People who really forgive are people who hope that the offenders will know God’s mercy.  
  • Forgiveness does not mean forgetting. It is impossible to forget enormous trauma and it’s unhealthy to forget.  But those who forgive, do not live with poisonous memories that imprison them.  
  • Am I going to be imprisoned  by my hatred or am I going to be a recipient of God’s love and grace and healing?
  • The starting point of forgiveness, is to recognise the wrong that was done.  
  • Forgiveness has its limits. It does not make life perfect, nor absolve the offender of guilt, nor erase the consequences, nor reverse the wrong.  
  • Forgiveness can change the consequences in the relationship between offender and offended.